The Economic Problem of Population Ageing Essay - 1323 Words

In the contemporary world, the economic problem of population ageing caused is revealing gradually. UNESCO provides a standard that a single country or region in the population over 60 years is more than 10% of the total population, which is into the aging of the population. Both of developed and developing countries in recent years have to face more serious aging impacts for economic progress. According to population prospects (2009), the whole world will accelerate the pace of ageing after 2010. More precisely, share of elderly people is 22% in rich countries and 8% in poorer countries, whereas these figures will rise to 33% and 20%, respectively. Why does aging become a problem? The U.S. Census study points out that the worldwide ageing†¦show more content†¦Consequently, in serious countries, some jobs will lack of employees to carry out. Secondly, in order to promptly resolve the shortage of labour caused by ageing, many countries have extended the time of retirement of the elderly. To illustrate, China plans to start gradually raise the retirement age from 60 to 65 from 2010. However, this approach may give rise to many controversies. Provided that the retire time to be late, civil servants will support this resolution. As a consequence, a number of university graduates will more difficult to find a job, and some laid-off workers will face delayed pensions; therefore, that government need to consider a wide ranges of citizen interests. Lastly, Skirbekk of the International Institute (The Economist, 2009, p.10), researched the relationship between age and personal productivity, reached that productivity in various job descends gradually in middle age. As a common sense, when people reach middle age, health and intelligence will begin to decline; thus the production efficiency of the elderly will not be better than young. Particularly, in the use of high-tech skills, the old usually lose young; thus employers may think that the elderly will affect the productivity of workers. The Economist (2009 , p10) put forward a solution that let active young and experienced old man work together Chart 1. country Early retiring age Normal age Employed, 55–59Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Ageing Population Essay979 Words   |  4 Pages People are having longer life due to economic well-being, better nutrition and improvement of medical facilities. Ageing population has entailed an increasing share of old persons in the population. However, longer life expectancy has resulted in the ageing of population and has caused worldwide concerns of the problems it may consequently arouse. The two major reasons of the ageing population trend are the rising longevity and the decline of fertility rate. If the proportion of elderly peopleRead MoreAging Population772 Words   |  4 Pagesparticular field of study or interest (e.g. economics, science, medicine, social policy, architecture, psychology, technological inventions). â€Å"Population ageing is both a triumph and a challenge† (Lim, 2008). With the advances in economics and medical development as well as better health systems, Singaporeans now are having longer life expectancy than they used to have in the past. Current research has shown that Singapore is one of the fastest ageing populations among Asia. However, the drop in birthRead MoreThe Ageing Population : A Demographic Problem951 Words   |  4 PagesThe ageing population is a demographic problem that it is caused by the population, which mean getting older. The proportion of the different age groups is unbalanced that the phenomenon that is youngsters is fewer than elderly. It comes as no surprise, the health care system is being optimised, which provides better medical service, improving human life expectancy age. Therefore, that is the reason why I am for the argument. It is the biggest improvement in our world and the world is a better placeRead MoreAging Population : A Social P roblem944 Words   |  4 PagesAging population is now a worldwide issue for both under-developed and developed countries. This has created many implications for health care and government policies. In this essay, I will start with an introduction of what aging population is all about. The next paragraph will highlight why our aging society is seen as a social problem in relation to social, economic and political effects and ways in which the state can respond to this aging population issues. An ageing population is â€Å"definedRead MoreGlobal population ageing means that by 2050 over 60s will comprise 22% of the world population at 2700 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal population ageing means that by 2050 over 60s will comprise 22% of the world population at 2 billion (Banister et al, 2012). A report prepared by the Population Division for the World Assembly on Ageing in 2002 shows that population ageing is unpredecedented, pervasive and enduring, having a wide range of consequences for many countries and governments (UN). This wide spread phenomenon, therefore has many implications and this essay studies these in terms of economic, social, environmentalRead MoreWhat Causes Aging Population Of Hong Kong And How Has It Affected Economics?1200 Words   |  5 PagesGeog 142 Population Geography Professor Goodwin-White Research Paper Louis Chu 17th May, 2015 What Causes Aging Population In Hong Kong and How Has It Affected Economics? Introduction Population ageing is a common social problem that occurs in well-developed countries. Population ageing refers the age of a region increase and a shift of a country’s population towards an older age. In this research paper, the content will mainly focus on the problem of ageing population in Hong Kong, my hometownRead MoreIntroduction Of Late Adulthood And Retirement1659 Words   |  7 Pageshad seen an increase with people age sixty and above. Consequently, this aging population has significant effects on many aspect of society. Life expectancy which was of 50 years in the 19th century had tremendously increase. Indeed the factors contributing to the longevity include; public health measure to many factors such as decrease in infant mortality rate, and the eradication of certain diseases. Population ageing is a global phenomenon that can be expressed by the significant demographic changesRead MoreThe Development Of Australia And Japan1488 Words   |  6 Pagescountries, in food, culture, location, population and many other aspects. But one of the things that brings these two very different countries together is the issue of an ageing population. It is estimated that, with a rapidly increasing elderly population, Japan is well on its way to lose about half its workforce by 2060, which would weaken its status as an economic superpower and weaken its economy to the point of ruin. Australia is also facing a similar ageing population crisis. Although in the past AustraliaRead MoreThe Social Issue of Ageing1031 Words   |  4 PagesIssue of ageing Social issues are controversial issues that relate to the lives of people and their interactions. Some social issues are distinguishable from economic issues while some consist of both social and economic aspects. Social issues are conditions that at least some people view as being undesirable Ageing in humans refers to various changes that include physical, psychological change. Some of the dimensions of ageing might grow and expand over time while others decline. Ageing introducesRead MoreSocial Exclusion for Older People642 Words   |  3 Pagesnutrition and education has resulted in the growth of older persons numerically around the world. (United Nations, 2001a; World Health Organization, 2000). Ageing should be a positive experience. However while some have the chance to more leisure, or spend time with friends and family others experience isolation and exclusion. The process of ageing is taking place in an era in which the traditional systems that support elderly care have been transformed by the processes of modernization and globalization

Catcher in the Rye Holdens Faliure in the Journey of Life

The Catcher in the Rye, by Jerome David Salinger, reveals the hardships that teenagers endure as they mature and enter adulthood. In this novel, Holden Caulfield, a sixteen-year -old who has been kicked out of several schools, undergoes a gamut of problems. First, at the beginning of the novel, it is clear that Holden has a difficulty accepting himself and others; he constantly defines people as phony. Secondly, as the novel progresses it becomes evident that Holden does not want to enter adulthood. Both problems lead to Holdens failure in his journey of life. Holdens problem in life is that he is very judgmental of almost everything and everyone; this leads him to become isolated, unhappy and lonely. First, he criticizes people who†¦show more content†¦Moreover, even though Holden sees others as phonies, he, himself, cannot even live up to his own unreasonably high standards and expectations. Since he cannot live up to his own acceptations, he is unable to connect with people, and withdraws into his own world. In other words, even though Holden might try not to be a phony, in actuality, he is. This is a problem in his life because he is very judgmental, and makes snap conclusions without taking the whole person and his/her complexities into consideration. Holden doesnt take into account that he is judging a human being with feelings and emotions. He considers one aspect about a persons personality and portrays it as his/her character. For example, he believes that Ackley is a pimply guy; he doesnt consider that he could perhaps be a nice guy. Overall, Holden is a phony himself, if he doesnt learn to accept himself and others, he will never be happy. His ignorance to make hasty judgments is an issue because Holden distinguishes phonies to be adults, and yet Holden doesnt want to enter adulthood, which is another problem that he encounters. Holdens second problem in life is that he fears change and resists the process of maturity; as a result he remains lost and going no where in life. First, Holden is constantly talking about and revisiting the Museum of Natural History. He says that he loves the museum and he misses

Issues and Ideas in Social Welfare (4 Article Basis) Free Essays

In this paper, I will discuss issues and ideas related to social welfare. They are found and outlined in the following articles: â€Å"Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising† written by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), â€Å"The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better† written by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, â€Å"The Canadian dream is well within Reach† written by Amelia Karabegovic and Charles Lammam, and â€Å"Tackling Inequality Now† written by Sherri Torjman and Ken Battle†. I will also present my view against or for each article that is discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Issues and Ideas in Social Welfare (4 Article Basis) or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the first article, â€Å"Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising†, we are presented with a negative outlook towards the future of Canada’s society. OECD informs us of a growing division between the rich and the poor that continues to widen, not only in Canada, but in many countries over the world. The OECD (2011) states that in well-off economies, â€Å"the richest 10% of the population is about nine times that of the poorest 10%† (p. ). One of the largest causes of income inequality comes from wages and salaries. Those who are classified as high income earners increase their salaries at a faster rate than those classified as low income earners. A contribution to the increase in income inequality is the technological progression. Workers who are highly skilled benefit with an increase in technology, allowing those with higher education and skill to further their income. Another is the tax and benefit systems. The tax and benefit systems are introduced with tighter rules that do not help or favour the lowest income groups. To solve this inequality issue, OECD suggests that the best thing policy makers need to do is invest in human capital, promote employment, and create policies and tax systems that are supportive. OECD presents important points and suggestions for policy makers and governments in all countries. Though they may be hard to implement, the need for action increases as the divide between the rich and poor widens. Like the author, I agree with these principles. People, especially those in low income groups, need the support of the government through programs and policies. If these programs and policies were created but cannot help those who need it most, one may question why they are in place. To make them effective they may need to be changed or redistributed in a way that works. The next article, â€Å"The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better† provides readers with a distinctive view on how unequal societies create disadvantages and how these disadvantages create a greater inequality. In a study of 33 countries, a small connection was found between income inequality and homicide rates, but no connection was found between public spending on health and education. However, Wilkinson and Pickett shed light on an important growing connection between income inequality and social dysfunction. The greater the inequality, the greater the need is for government intervention. It is easy to assume that the more unequal a society is, the more dysfunctional it may be. To make the most difference with the least well-off, greater equality is needed. Having an unequal society not only affects those in low income groups, but affects those on all levels. Those in well-off groups have the income and ability to spend more on consumer goods, allowing them to â€Å"vote† on what is being produced. As Wilkinson and Pickett said, government intervention is needed. Because they have the power to enforce new rules and regulations, the government should be able to regulate how equal a society should be and eliminate dysfunction when able. The third article, written by Amelia Karabegovic and Charles Lammam, enlightens us with a positive future for Canada. Their studies have found that many individuals start out in low income groups and then climb to the middle or high income groups. Low income jobs are meant to be short-term and a step towards a better paid job. Karabegovic and Lammam found that â€Å"†¦60% moved into a higher income group in one year, 79% did so after two, and nearly 90% after six. † (paragraph 7). Karabegovic and Lammam write with an optimistic attitude for Canada’s future. Though they describe low income groups as â€Å"stepping stones† to higher income jobs, this is not always the case. If greater inequality is rising, as it says in the previous articles, then those in low income groups may find it harder to find a job, or even one with a higher paying income. Yes, Canada’s dream may absolutely be attainable, but that comes after dealing with the difficult problems like poverty and inequality. This cannot be accomplished without hard work and the cooperation of all individuals. The last article, â€Å"Tackling Inequality Now† written by Sherri Torjman and Ken Battle, was published on the Caledon Institute of Social Policy website in January of 2012. Torjman and Battle give readers a perspective to how a Canadian society is perceived today. They say the best way to start change is by recreating and reorganizing the different programs and systems that policy makers create. However, instead of moving society in a positive way, the federal government made expensive changes that moved in a negative direction. Especially during the recession and difficult economic seasons, the programs and policy choices that are meant to help failed to do so. Programs like the Working Income Tax Benefit and Employment Insurance were created to help, but did not provide support to those who needed it. Often, those in low income groups were not qualified for the programs provided. With the Working Income Tax Benefit program, the amount invested would barely make a difference. Torjman and Battle suggest that it is important for the government to focus on bettering the Canada Child Tax Benefit and the Working Income Tax Benefit and to invest in education and work training. This article gives readers an honest insight to how the government and the public need to pay attention, improve, and change one of the main issues in society today – inequality. As previous articles mentioned, these issues are something Canada struggles to fix. I concur with many of the points Torjman and Battle make. It seems as though the government has the money to create, continue, and improve these social welfare projects and policies, but they are not using it in an efficient manner. Torjman and Battle hypothesize and conclude that if the government invested more money in the programs that did work and benefit others, Canada would be heading down a positive road. In conclusion, inequality has grown over the past years causing money to be spent continuously, but not always in the right places. It is easy to talk about changes and think about what can be improved, nevertheless making sure the change happens can be difficult. No one can succeed without the help of someone offering support. This idea of reaching out to each other and supporting those who need it most is what can be the start of changing inequality. Yes, the government plays a huge part in changing and shaping Canada’s society, but so do the Canadians. How to cite Issues and Ideas in Social Welfare (4 Article Basis), Papers

Value of Change Information and Meaning †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Value of Change Information and Meaning Making. Answer: Introduction: Sony is one of the multinational associations around the globe. Sony Corporation was set up in 1946, in Tokyo, Japan by Mr Ibuka. The basic focus of Sony is in electronics, gaming and fiscal services and is in like manner known for its extended business. The association in like manner made it on top and made an astounding number of offers and total salaries(Sony Global - Sony Global Headquarters). Till the mid-2000s, Sony was a massively advantageous association however in the midst of the late 2000s; it started to experience mishaps as a result of a couple of reasons such broad log stick of the world economy, the ascent of various contenders and general calamities in Japan, for instance, seismic tremor and so on. In this way, the association furthermore need to take off change so that it will remain engaged and strong in the market. The project that had been proposed for change is the FeliCa memory stick in the phone of Sony which is Sony Ericson (Suparta, Wayan). Along these lines, the path toward saving and securing the data ought to be conceivable with the guide of the phone. The project has a movement of making the life of the endorser of being less difficult and viable. Before entering this change, there are numerous components to consider as the lifestyle, the specialists, the earth and the various levelled change. In the use of this sort of venture, the affiliation needs to make its particular picture innovation so that the new item and the new innovation can be all around observed as its induced. The use of the utilizing the chip the memory stick of its items can in like way adds favourable circumstances and income to the affiliation. This can, in addition, make the cell phones of the Sony Products available and has various occupations of utilizing as a bit of advising and calling and moreover to extra records as well (Goetsch, David, and Stanley Davis). The utilization of the Felica in the telephone sparing reports can likewise incorporate making the life less mind boggling to its customers and clients and for degrees of progress of joining to the quick innovation on the planet. In such way, the affiliation can in like way beat its rivals for isolating its items and services too being the top gathering results of in the gadgets and furthermore in the point of confinement contraptions. It has besides the mission of being the essential affiliation which offers services for utilizing one card in the in people all things considered debilitating, in getting to, works and others at last for the point of confinement contraptions. In the usage of this venture, the clients can have a more significant and less asking forever living. In this change management or the proposed extend, it covers all the change of the ways of life of the clients' through subscribing in a memory stick. This must additionally be acknowledged in inside for every one of the zones and results of the affiliation (Alvesson, Mats, and Stefan Sveningsson). Focus on organizational competencies for competing effectively in the market Proper integration Reduction in operating costs Better customer service (Davenport, Thomas) Implementation Approach and Strategies The privilege and right creative work can be the fundamental walk for the execution of the quality services. The change on the proposed venture to the Sony can be critical and make it quick to execute through using the pro in the field of data innovation. This should, in addition, be possible and no more dependable opportunity to come up and be in the present style in the creating scene. After the procuring, the change and the frameworks can then be trailed by making and testing the items before it knew about the market. The advertising should in like way be possible in the specific nation and after that be taken after to showcase generally (Hrebiniak, Lawrence). The re-building should in like way be possible by taking after Lewin's idea and its three (3) arrange model (Cummings, Thomas, and Christopher Worley). Freezing or the defeating of the torpidity and affinities in the specific alliance which is appropriate in the Sony through beating its present services offers and joined additional sections which can be utilized as a bit of their step by step lives as the FeliCa memory stick in the PDA. Moving new structure change for the venture vanquishes the universe of remote with the utilization of the memory stick and change in the method for cell phone can understanding close by that there is in like way a change in the normal styles of utilizing the card which is the record stockpiling Refreezing the change can last which can understanding by the relationship as presenting this item which can keep going for a long time and can also be adaptable which it is so far open for progression The FeliCa is made by Sony which is a Contactless Integrated Circuit card that can enable the client to have an essential and beneficial life. The card gifts to send or even got data in a brisk security besides difficult to copy. It is in like way use in the ticket for the arrangement, for the point card or as the enrollment card, can in like way use as a get the chance to pass, a wallet which is electronically observed, for the ticketing and the e-exchanging or in the online business. It had been extremely observed that the card is flexible, has a multi-application, has the security segments, and it can be utilized as a part of a contactless way. Along these lines, it is the ideal open entryway for the planner to have a change to its items as the FeliCa will make extra parts in its administrations which are the utilization of the item in the memory stick as the breaking point data or use for sparing records (Rothaermel, Frank). This can be demonstrated when all is said in done socie ty after the principal examinations, testing, and evaluation of the item. The item can be endeavored by the endorser of the Sony items as the Sony Ericson with the target that essential should be possible. This will be another to get notification from the clients and support can be required to them. This is in like manner fundamental to the Sony to have the edge over its enemies and for them to use its administration's items. This item is in like way reasonable to give esteem and react in the due request in regards to proceeding with organic and change (Saint-Onge, Hubert, and Debra Wallace). Renewing System and Structure Before looking at changing the management of the alliance, it is fundamental to have an audit on its connection culture. The complete culture takes the vast majority of the encounters, the points of view, the qualities, and sentiments of the association. This is essential in the different leveled change since this is the stage for the workers on the most ideal direct and the considerations which are reasonable for the complete individuals in the wake of accomplishing the goals. By the Sony and the presentation of the FeliCa memory stick use in the PDAs, the agents must consider the alliance and its way of life, and the utilization of the affiliation must be in the perception of the arrangement and the level of change of the affiliation. The basic furthest reaches of the proposed plan is to have a change on the results of the affiliation and to could see its items all around. It had been comprehended that Sony is Multinational Company which works in the entire world, thusly, it is the certifiable wellspring of the relationship to be in like way is see the new item in the market scene as impact by the method for the items and the photograph it had been depicted as far back as years and strengthened by the purchasers. Thusly, the change and the model had been picked all together for the relationship to have progress for its items and for the relationship to see likewise in the field of putting away gadgets (Burke, Warner; Simons, Robert). For the relationship to accomplish an unrivalled outcome in the conclusive change it has been driven, then, there ought to be a huge support for the relationship of the association. The social occasion ought to be in support of the change of plan of the alliance, and it ought to also be in agree to the arrangement of the mind-boggling part. By ethicalness of the Sony, it is not exclusively to portray or to have an enormous change yet just a couple and trap must be done which is as of late the extra part of the FeliCa contraption. To the get the way of life of the relationship and moreover the whole masses of the clients is in like way central accordingly of the way that these individuals are the key pointers for the achievement of the affiliation. This should comparably be possible first to the relationship before it is executed so it can get the considerations and the demonstrations of the buyers in the utilization of the new items. The items are in like way administered by the dedi cation of the top management because of the way that they know the issue much and they are the markers in the connection. The top management then should urge to its accomplices and to its fortifications of putting everything out there on the management change for the entire arrangement movement. This item will empower Sony to remain focused and for the change of the items offers. Subsequently, the supervisors must evaluate the greater part of the zones required before entering the locale of the change management. The management should in like way cautious in the way of life changes occurred in inside and outside of the connection and their reaction toward the start of the new item (Gandomani, Taghi Javdani, Hazura Zulzalil, Abdul Azim Abd Ghani, and Abu Bakar Md Sultan;Wright, Christopher, Andrew Sturdy, and Nick Wylie). Overview of a Timeline Activity Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Initiate Collect data Analyse and develop Test Proposal and approval Prepare installation Conversion forming Programming Equipment Procedures written Training Change over Check out Sign off Table: Gantt chart Source: (Created by author) Evaluation The following attempts are to be made to ensure the change process gets implemented properly in the organization: Educating the labourers as for the change: The agents must be moved to recognize the change. This can happen just in case they feel that the change will be gainful for them. In this manner, positive nature of the changes are to steer to the specialists to drive them Motivating them to take an interest in essential initiative plan with the objective that they feel that the change has improved their motivating force in the affiliation Management support must be extended so that the labourers not understand left and get demotivated Negotiating with the specialists if important to clear certain negative and unscrupulous impediments to change Use of impulse by chiefs with a particular true objective to bring the change if there is too less time for the specialists to get usual to it on account of a fundamental system for achievement (Wilson, Richard, and Colin Gilligan). Underlying Change Management Concepts Kurt Lewin (1951) displayed the three-step change model. This social investigator considers prompting being a lively adjustment of authorities working in binding headings. Main roles enable change as they drive specialists in the coveted bearing. Domineering qualities baffle change as they drive appoints the other direction. Like this, these powers must be investigated, and Lewin's three-step model can help move the modification toward the orderly change (Shirey, Maria). As appeared by Lewin, the hidden stage in the midst of the time spent changing manner is to unfreeze the present condition. The modified situation is viewed as the change state. Unfreezing is fundamental to beat the strains of individual resistance and social event resemblance (Worley, Christopher, and Susan Mohrman). Lewin's second step amidst the time spent changing behavior is an advancement. In this progression, it is imperative to move the target structure to another level of adjusting. Three exercises that can help the improvement step include: beginning agents to agree that current conditions is not valuable to them and asking for that they see the issue from a fresh perspective, arrange on an excursion for new, fitting information, and associate the points of view of the gathering to particularly respected, powerful pioneers that similarly reinforce the change (Cummings, Stephen, Todd Bridgman, and Kenneth Brown). The third step of Lewin's three-stage change model is refreezing. This progression needs to occur after the change has been executed with the objective for it to be kept up or "stick" as time goes on. It is high likely that the change will be brief and the experts will come back to their old congeniality (hones) if this progression is not taken. It is the good 'ol fashioned mix of the new estimations of the social affair qualities and traditions. The illumination behind refreezing is to adjust the new congeniality working out as planned by ethicalness of the change by modifying both the driving and constraining forces (van den Heuvel, Machteld, Evangelia Demerouti, Arnold Bakker, and Wilmar Schaufeli). Thus, Lewin's model addresses the impacts of strengths that either advance or control change. In particular, essential main impetuses impel change while compelling strengths renounce change. Consequently, change will happen when the blended way of one drive is more prominent than the joined way of the revoking set of powers. Strengths, Weaknesses and Limitations Change is regularly ceaselessly mind boggling. It passes on crisp insights to the table and opens up new entries for agents. Notwithstanding, change can in like way be horrendous if a structure is either not set up or productive. Change is central in all affiliations. Regardless, the way change is started can differentiate. It can be obliged upon relationship by outside powers or just begun from an assertion that the affiliation may drop obsolete. Thusly, change management can be to a great degree valuable to a connection. The change enables the relationship to better foe their adversaries and grows new aptitudes or items that will get a higher preferred standpoint. What takes off change management methodology invaluable to most affiliations is that it licenses change management get-togethers or administrator to deal with any proposed new course acceptably. Change management in like way social requests see why the change was basic, so they will comprehend it and progress. Change can be vital for an ace since it will present to them the opportunity to have a go at something new and increment new aptitudes. With the open correspondence and exchanges that change management system drives, individuals (specialists, partners and customers) will have a more clear stake in the outcome since they have executed the course of action. People all around don't set up the strength to things that they have proposed (Brown, Kerry, and Stephen Osborne). There are, notwithstanding, a couple of obstacles to the change management prudence that has more to do with not genuinely taking after its structures. If resistance from experts is not enough regulated through correspondence, it can wreck any wander. Not understanding the lifestyle of your association can allow the discussion technique pioneers to course confused or undermining information about the change. In addition, extras and customers ought to be kept prepared and gotten on the change. If not, they take off other than refute the change, and clients may encounter another connection (Bridges, William, and Susan Bridges). References Alvesson, Mats, and Stefan Sveningsson.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge, 2015. Bridges, William, and Susan Bridges.Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press, 2017. Brown, Kerry, and Stephen P. Osborne.Managing change and innovation in public service organizations. Routledge, 2012. Burke, W. Warner.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications, 2013. Cummings, Stephen, Todd Bridgman, and Kenneth G. Brown. "Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewins legacy for change management."human relations69, no. 1 (2016): 33-60. Cummings, Thomas G., and Christopher G. Worley.Organization development and change. Cengage learning, 2014. Davenport, Thomas H.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press, 2013. Gandomani, Taghi Javdani, Hazura Zulzalil, Abdul Azim Abd Ghani, and Abu Bakar Md Sultan. "Towards comprehensive and disciplined change management strategy in agile transformation process."Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology6, no. 13 (2013): 2345-2351. Goetsch, David L., and Stanley B. Davis.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson, 2014. Hrebiniak, Lawrence G.Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press, 2013. Rothaermel, Frank T.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2015. Saint-Onge, Hubert, and Debra Wallace.Leveraging communities of practice for strategic advantage. Routledge, 2012. Shirey, Maria R. "Lewins theory of planned change as a strategic resource."Journal of Nursing Administration43, no. 2 (2013): 69-72. Simons, Robert.Levers of control: How managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press, 2013. Sony Global - Sony Global Headquarters. 2017. Sony.Net. https://www.sony.net/. Suparta, Wayan. "Application of near field communication technology for mobile airline ticketing."Journal of Computer Science8, no. 8 (2012): 1235. van den Heuvel, Machteld, Evangelia Demerouti, Arnold B. Bakker, and Wilmar B. Schaufeli. "Adapting to change: The value of change information and meaning-making."Journal of Vocational Behavior83, no. 1 (2013): 11-21. Wilson, Richard MS, and Colin Gilligan.Strategic marketing management. Routledge, 2012. Worley, Christopher G., and Susan A. Mohrman. "Is change management obsolete?."Organizational Dynamics43, no. 3 (2014): 214-224. Wright, Christopher, Andrew Sturdy, and Nick Wylie. "Management innovation through standardization: Consultants as standardizers of organizational practice."Research Policy41, no. 3 (2012): 652-662.